Write Clearly and Concisely
Scientific writing should be clear, precise, and objective. Avoid unnecessary words and overly complex sentences.
Avoid Long Sentences
Long sentences make scientific texts difficult to read. Prefer short and direct sentences.
Prefer Active Voice
Active voice usually makes sentences clearer and easier to understand.
One Idea per Paragraph
Each paragraph should present a single main idea. A typical paragraph structure is:
- Topic sentence: main idea.
- Explanation: development of the idea.
- Evidence or example: support for the argument.
Support Claims with Evidence
Statements in scientific papers should be supported by experimental results, references, or analytical arguments.
Use Figures and Tables
Figures and tables help communicate results clearly and efficiently.
- Use graphs to present experimental results.
- Use tables to compare algorithms.
- Always explain figures in the text.
Avoid Common Writing Problems
- Using vague words such as good, very, and many.
- Writing overly long paragraphs.
- Repeating the same idea several times.
- Not citing related work.
- Poor grammar or unclear sentences.
Useful Academic Expressions
Common expressions used in scientific papers include:
Introducing the Topic
Describing Contributions
Discussing Results
Review Before Submission
Before submitting a paper, perform several revisions.
- Check grammar and spelling.
- Verify references and citations.
- Ensure figures are properly labeled.
- Confirm the paper follows the conference or journal guidelines.
Final Advice
Recommended Resources
Improving scientific writing is a continuous process. In addition to the guidelines presented on this page, the following resource is recommended for students who want to further improve their academic writing.
Dicas de Inglês para Pesquisa Científica · Fabio Kon → ← Research and Academic Writing